组织间信任:收益机制、情境限制及调节策略

在以往研究中，人们通常接受这样的假定：组织间信任必然会给组织与外部的交易带来正向收益。然而，组织间信任对交易收益也可能会产生组织不希望出现的负面影响。为此，我们重新审视了这一假说并发展了更为全面的理论框架来解释这一内部机制。首先，文章探讨组织间信任的内涵要素，进而分析组织间信任中计算性成分与非计算性成分的不同组合对交易收益的作用机制，从逻辑上推演出组织间信任与交易收益之间存在一种倒U型的关系；其次，提出两个重要的情境因素即信任的非对称性和环境的不确定性，讨论它们分别对上述倒U型关系的负向调节作用；再者，提出一组能够应对不同情境限制而同时仍然可增进或保持有益交易结果的调节策略；最后，讨论本研究的启示和未来研究可能的方向。     

You don’t forget where you come from: linking formation and operations in publicly funded innovation networks

Abstract

Publicly funded innovation networks (PFINs) are an increasing form of organizing joint innovation activities. Yet, little is known about this form of organization which mixes characteristics of centralized and de-centralized innovation networks. This research investigates how processes of network formation affect its operation in PFINs as a hybrid form between centralized and de-centralized networks. Presenting rich data from a PFIN in the Scandinavian maritime industry, the findings show three patterns linking network formation and operation. The first pattern – well-aligned centralized and de-centralized approaches – in network formation resulted in well-functioning network operation. The second pattern – misalignment between centralized and de-centralized approaches in network formation resulted in stagnating innovation activities during network operation. The third pattern – a pre-dominant de-centralized approach during network formation resulted in unconnected sub-activities during network operation. This research contributes by showing the importance of utilizing both centralized and de-centralized approaches and aligning them to enable well-functioning network formation and operation.     

论“学报体”及其改良

"学报体"指发表在我国社科学术期刊上的文章所体现出的某些共性,既涉及题材内容,又涉及风格气象。我国社科期刊自创立至今,事实上存在着作为"正体"的和作为"伪体"的两种"学报体"文章,前者应得到护持,后者应受到贬斥。"正体"文章之长的主要体现是:分学科门类表述高深问题研究新得;举充分依据细密论证大小论点;以人文关怀给力社会发展;有较多行文规范服务内容表达。"伪体"文章之弊主要表现为:形式完备而内容贫瘠;"八股化"程度严重;缺少淑世情怀。当今"学报体"文章的改良,应先从三个方面做起:变文章评价由"重量轻质"为"重质轻量";变文章体式由"一体独大"为"众体并茂";变文章语言由"重质轻文"为"质文双重"。     

Peer influence on protest participation: Communication and trust between co-workers as inhibitors or facilitators of mobilization

In this article, we investigate how communication and trust networks between employees affect participation in a strike. We analyze whether the strength of network relations is related to congruence in strike behavior using social network data on 59 Dutch workers. We find that private communication networks and trust networks lead to similar strike behavior. This finding indicates that networks not only promote protest mobilization but are also vehicles for demobilization, albeit through different network relations.     

创造抑或模仿——对诗歌翻译的创造性的几点质疑

诗歌翻译是一门实践性极强的手艺。它重经验轻理论;译者应该甘当仆人,服侍诗人并将原作奉为圭臬;模仿乃是翻译的极其显著的特点,而且应达到惟妙惟肖、近乎等值的效果;翻译在内容上不允许创造,形式上的创造也相当有限。因此,若将＂全面的信＂确立为翻译的标准,那么大概可以说：创造性翻译的提法总而言之是不大妥当的。     

《庄子》重言对《论语》叙事的模仿和超越

从《大宗师》和《天地》中两则重言对《论语.微子》的叙事模仿可以看出,《庄子》部分重言在叙述视角、叙述者类型、叙述情节、叙述人物、叙述结构上对《论语》叙事进行了有意的模仿,但《庄子》重言在对《论语》叙事模仿的基础上又进行了创造和扩充,从而超越了《论语》叙事。     

Children Selectively Trust Individuals Who Have Imitated Them

We investigated the influence of being imitated on children's subsequent trust. Five‐ to six‐year‐olds interacted with one experimenter who mimicked their choices and another experimenter who made different choices. Children were then presented with two tests. In a preference test, the experimenters offered conflicting preferences for the contents of two opaque boxes, and children were asked to choose a box. In a factual claims test, the experimenters offered conflicting claims about the referent for a novel word, and children were asked to state which object the word referred to. Children were significantly more likely to endorse both the preferences and the factual claims of the experimenter who had mimicked them. These results demonstrate that imitation is a powerful means of social influence in development.     

艺术与模仿之关系的历史考察

早在古希腊时期哲学家就将艺术与模仿组合在一起作思辨性的考察,柏拉图和亚里士多德分别做出了重要的阐释。这构成了艺术哲学的一大传统,尤其到了现代,模仿更是作为建构现代艺术体系的单一原理而存在,艺术与模仿及美的联系日益紧密。随着艺术形态的变幻,"艺术作为模仿"这一信条也不断被挑战,但是这些并不构成对它的威胁。直到"现成品"艺术出现,才真正取消了模仿统合艺术的地位而存在,然而现成品艺术又重新提出了已经借助模仿解决的艺术与生活之间的关系问题。     

山寨文化与模仿

模仿作为山寨文化生产的主要手段,既具有一般模仿的共性,又有着自己的个性,即平民性、形似性和创造性。     

《园冶》价值论

明代吴江造园专家计成在仪征建寤园,并在扈冶堂写下世界最早的一部造园专著<园冶>.此书全面总结造园经验,主张师法自然,并通过造园者的审美取向予以创新,创造出为广大游客乐于游赏的人化自然.